1a entails 1b

Sabrina was fired from her job

Sabrina has been terminated from her job 

2a presupposes 2b

2a: Steven stopped going to the gym. 

2b: steven once went to the gym 

Sentence 2a presupposes sentence 2b in which the presupposition is that Steven had once gone to the gym before he stopped. 

The trigger word is “stopped”

3a presupposes 3b 

3a. Jase no longer reads and writes novels. 

3b. Jase used to read and write novels. 

Sentence 3a presupposes sentence 3b in which the presupposition is that Jase wrote and read novels. 

The presupposition trigger word is “no longer” 

 

1a entails 1b

1a) Amy managed to leave on time.

1b) Amy left on time.

2a presupposes 2b

2a) Tim regrets he kissed Jill.

2b) Tim kissed Jill.

The trigger is regrets.

3a presupposes 3b

3a) Tom managed to give up drinking.

3b) Tom tried to give up drinking.

The trigger is managed.

The pair of words that I chose with the same denotation and different expressive meanings are “mom” and “mother.”  They both usually refer to a child’s female parent, but they are used in very different situations.  Using the word “mom” seems very warm and gives a feeling of love and affection towards this person.  The word “mother” seems very cold and makes you think that the relationship may be very distant or strained.  “Mother” can also seem like a clinical term, anytime that you have to fill out forms that would ask for this kind of information, the word used is always “mother,” never “mom.”  The way this word is used in this situation may also be a reason that it seems so cold and formal.

The pair of words that have the same denotation but have different expressive meanings is “house” and “home”. Home has a warm connotation because people tend to refer to their home as a safe and loving place, on the other hand, a house is just a place where someone lives. When someone refers to their house it is just a structure which they live in, whether it is their own property or somewhere they rent. When referring to ones home it can also be a physical structure but it includes so much more, it can be a person, their family, or maybe even their bed, somewhere where they feel safe, loved, and comfortable.

One pair of expressions that share the same denotation would be ‘snake’ and ‘reptile’ because they are related to each other, yet have different meanings. For example, the animal ‘snake’ is considered a reptile, however a reptile is not limited to snakes only as there are other reptiles like alligators, crocodiles, lizards, etc. Although the words share the same denotation, they are used differently when speaking. When speaking of reptiles you are talking about a broad generalization, but when you are speaking of snakes it is more specific. They are associated but are not necessarily tied to each other both ways. Another example would be ‘Red’ and ‘Color’. They have the same denotation but not the same meaning, while red is always going to be a color, it is not always certain that when you say color, red is associated as color is a broad term which has several categories.

A pair of expressions that have the same denotation, but different expressive meaning that I picked are ‘group’ and ‘clique’. Group has a neutral connotation. This word simply describes a number of people. It has no inspiration on either positive or negative feelings. The word clique, also has the meaning of a group of people. It does however come as a negative connotation, meaning it is understood to be a set of self-serving people who exclude outsiders. It is typically used in circumstances where the group is known for excluding, or leaving others out. Clique is a word that should be used carefully. The denotations of “clique” and “group” are essentially the same. They all mean a set of people which is both the denotations of each. However, these words are not interchangeable because they have different connotations. For example, they come with different unsaid ideas.

A pair of expressions that have the same denotation, but different expressive meanings that I choose are “childish” and “youthful”. The word “childish” is when someone is immature and shows annoying and silliness qualities such as having a sense of innocence, and curiosity. Though if someone is childish “is of or suitable for a child” they often are not seen as being fully developed and grown while also not being emotionally mature. To me, the word “youthful” resembles someone who is fairly young, enthusiastic, lively, and is on the path to growth and development. The denotation for “youthful” relates to all the young people who have the qualities of being spry and fresh-faced. The two words both come hand in hand with each other meaning both adjectives relate to characteristics of young people but differ when we talk about the behavioral side of it.

This is my first post.